Catalyst Materials & Manufacturing

Nanoparticles, alloys, supports, ionomer interfaces, membranes, catalyst-layer manufacturing and quality control.

Why nanoscale dispersion exposes more active surface per unit mass.

How alloying can improve oxygen-reduction activity or reduce platinum intensity.

Spread platinum across support area to increase accessible catalytic surface.

Why proton-conducting polymer must contact catalyst without blocking gas transport.

How water, gases and current move next to catalyst layers.

Important stack hardware that usually does not contain the main platinum inventory.

Why membrane properties influence the environment around platinum catalysts.

Coating and assembly as sources of platinum utilization and manufacturing scrap.

Why high-volume manufacturing changes material accounting and recovery opportunities.

Track platinum separately from iridium as PEM electrolyzer production expands.

Loading uniformity, performance testing and traceability without manufacturing recipes.