Platinum Recycling in Hydrogen Systems
Recover platinum from fuel-cell stacks, electrolyzer components and manufacturing scrap.
Platinum Recycling & Supply
Fuel-cell and electrolyzer recycling, metal accounting, primary/secondary supply, criticality and PGM substitution.
Fuel-Cell Stack Recycling
End-of-life catalyst layers as a secondary platinum resource.
Electrolyzer PGM Recycling
Recovering platinum and iridium from PEM electrolyzer value chains.
Manufacturing Scrap Recovery
Why catalyst-coated scrap can be easier to account for than mixed end-of-life equipment.
Platinum Metal Accounting
Track platinum from purchased catalyst material to installed products, scrap and recovered metal.
Recycling Yield & Circularity
Why recovered percentage and collection rate are different parts of circularity.
Primary vs Secondary Platinum Supply
Mining and recycled material as complementary inputs to hydrogen-technology growth.
Platinum as a Critical Material
Why supply concentration and strategic applications matter to energy technology.
PGM Supply Concentration
Why geographic concentration matters to fuel-cell and electrolyzer supply chains.
Platinum Demand Scenarios for Hydrogen Technology
Estimate demand from deployment and user-entered metal intensity without predicting markets.
Platinum Thrifting in Hydrogen Systems
Use less platinum per unit of fuel-cell or electrolyzer output.
PGM Substitution & Technology Choice
Why platinum, iridium and non-PGM alternatives cannot always be substituted one-for-one.