Platinum in PEM Fuel Cells

Anode and cathode roles, ORR/HOR, MEAs, catalyst layers, supports, durability, efficiency and applications.

How platinum catalyst layers enable low-temperature proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells.

Hydrogen oxidation and why relatively small platinum loadings can be effective.

Oxygen reduction as the major platinum-catalyst challenge in PEM fuel cells.

Why ORR activity is central to platinum utilization in PEM fuel cells.

High-level hydrogen-electrode chemistry in PEM fuel cells.

The integrated membrane, catalyst layers and gas-diffusion components at the heart of PEM fuel cells.

How platinum, support, ionomer and pore structure share one reaction zone.

Why platinum is commonly dispersed on conductive high-surface-area supports.

Why membrane hydration and water removal influence how effectively platinum catalyst sites can operate.

How temperature distribution affects membrane, catalyst and stack life.

Why changing electrochemical conditions can accelerate catalyst and support degradation.

Why trace impurities can matter to sensitive platinum catalyst surfaces.

Why the industry seeks lower PGM loading without losing performance or durability.

Catalytic performance normalized to platinum mass.

Particle growth, dissolution, support corrosion and surface loss over time.

How many cells, plates, manifolds and balance-of-plant components surround the platinum-containing MEAs.

Electrical output compared with hydrogen energy input at a systems level.

Vehicles, backup systems, material handling and stationary power as different duty cycles.